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After almost 2 years of hype, some people still ask me when to use "distributed ledgers" rather than standard "distributed databases". Other vicious people ask me what is the difference between "blockchain technology" and "distributed ledger technology". They became the norm in the 80s. Even if their architecture evolved in complexity over time n-tier, distributed processing, etc.
Databases are distributed DDBMS when the storage devices are not all attached to a common processing unit such as the CPU, but are spread across a network.
They come in different technology forms:. Peer network node data stores are systems allowing users to replicate and share files across a network leveraging peer-to-peer protocols such as: Hadoop is an open-source software framework for storing data and running applications on clusters of commodity hardware. It provides massive storage for any kind of data, enormous processing power and the ability to handle virtually limitless concurrent tasks.
The most well-known solutions are: Distributed Ledgers DL are DDBMS that leverage cryptography to provide a decentralized multi-version concurrency control mechanism and to maintain consensus about the existence and status of shared facts in trustless environments i. Consensus is not a unique feature of DL per se: The two differentiators of DL in my opinion: The Bitcoin system was the first instance of DL, designed for one purpose: Bitcoin is censorship resistant , its key features are: Some systems are inspired by or somehow close to the Bitcoin system.
They usually implement most of its features, but not all or with different characteristics. BigchainDB inherits characteristics of modern distributed databases: The less decentralized they are e. Ironically, there is no consensus on the definition: The final equation is: If you like blockchain debates, let me finish by sharing 4 other interesting questions: Sources of inspiration for this post: Distributed databases Databases are distributed DDBMS when the storage devices are not all attached to a common processing unit such as the CPU, but are spread across a network.
They come in different technology forms: Other cryptocurrencies implement privacy mechanisms Zcash , or different consensus protocols such as Proof of stake, Proof of burn, etc. Ethereum share many of Bitcoin features but is designed to execute programmable transactions smart contracts 6.
Some systems differ significantly from Bitcoin: The DL envisioned by Accenture is not immutable R3 Corda is designed to operate in regulated environments with a limited number of known participants e. Distributed Concurrence Ledger is tailored for financial institutions dealing in capital markets and payments.
Concurrence is an alternative to seeking consensus in distributed ledger systems and does not utilize cryptocurrencies, chained blocks, nor proof of work [Note: As the local copy of the hashgraph grows, the member runs an algorithm to determine the consensus order for the events and the consensus timestamps.
The data structure is a directed acyclic graph, where each vertex contains the hash of its two parent vertices 6. Here is the landscape summarized simplified: